Music Business Merchandising and Law Free Essays

string(137) Broadly promoted craftsmen have dealings with a huge number of individuals that are identified with the advertising and dispersion of their product. Examine how the Music Business is a framework contained standard subsystems. There are a few key parts to the achievement of a craftsman in the music business. These segments bolster each other, and empower each to finish assignments that are intended to facilitate the attractiveness of a craftsman or gathering. We will compose a custom paper test on Music Business Merchandising and Law or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now One such segment, or subsystem, is the operator. The specialist goes about as the legitimate delegate of a craftsman. This individual, or organization, deals with the entirety of the legitimate issues related with an artist’s picture and vocation. Operators, normally, are the substance of the craftsman to the business world. These operators meet with advertisers, and setting proprietors to make sure about the presentation rights, and encourage visiting. They additionally ask as go betweens between the craftsman and distributing organizations to guarantee that every single lawful issue are tended to, and that the exchange of the artist’s made materials are dealt with in the correct way. Another part of the agent’s duty is to keep up and arrange contracts for the craftsman, with their separate parent organizations. This is to guarantee that the craftsman gets all the correct portrayal that is required to guarantee that the agreements that the specialists are limited by are reasonable, and moral. The following subsystem is simply the parent organization. Regularly alluded to just as the â€Å"label†, record organizations are the coupling wellspring of intensity inside the music business. The mark is the venture which holds the agreements, administers advancement, guarantees circulation, and holds the records on assessments, sovereignties, and installments to the craftsman and all his/her representatives. Record organizations run in size, contingent upon the extent of their endeavor. Little or autonomous organizations normally handle and short rundown of customers, and are capable arrive at a restricted territory for the discharge. The bigger organizations are global combinations that hold interests in many craftsman. These organizations can arrive at business sectors the world over. They likewise, regularly, regulate a wide scope of music business sorts. The following piece of the condition is the wholesaler. It is the activity and commitment of the record wholesaler to get the propagation privileges of a craftsman, produce enormous amounts of the item, and guarantee that the item is accessible for the open interest. Similarly as the record organization, record wholesalers extend in size and degree. With the little organizations arriving at a confined market, and the bigger, global organizations, arriving at each market accessible, the merchants serve the record organizations legitimately. Despite the fact that they are managing in the result of a craftsman, they once in a while manage them. It has just been lately that the Music Business has could discover and encourage expanding quantities of qualified pioneers. The music business, however in presence for a considerable length of time, has just in the previous barely any decades made a domain that cultivates a productive medium. The soonest proficient performers were restricted to crowds of eminence, and honorable elites †for only they had the riches enough to pay for such indulgences. This early type of the music business was additionally constrained by the craving of the main aristocrats or eminence in the extent of substance and style. The artists, for example, Mozart, in his day, were permitted to make just what was satisfying to the imperial court †and benefitted next to no from it. In any case, in the twentieth century, specialists started to see an opportunity that had evaded them previously. With the undeniably huge crowd base in the United States, craftsmen from different kinds had the option to obtain decent wages around corridors and theaters. Following World War I, there was a huge clamor for masterful articulation in human expressions in the United States †and a blast of business followed. The period of the Big Band, saw music pioneers, for example, Duke Ellington, visit the whole nation †playing their own music and winning their own wages. This blast in melodic opportunity topped in the 1950’s with the ascent of â€Å"Rock and Roll† †and such specialists as Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Roy Orbison. The late fifties, however socially stifled, saw the primary moguls ascend from the music business †and alongside them, the ascent of the business itself. The period of Sun Records, in Memphis Tennessee, demonstrated the music world that tremendous measures of pay that could be produced with an appropriately kept up and efficient corporate element. The quantity of record organizations expanded radically, and by the mid 1960’s there were many huge scope organizations working the in United States. The following large advance came as British specialists. The appearance of The Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and other English gatherings into the United States, opened the entryway for the primary global organization property. The privileges of these gatherings to perform and sell their records inside the United States implied that American organizations needed to hold some portion of their possession. Before long this would prompt the development of American organizations to different nations, to gain the craftsmen legitimately, and increment the gainfulness †by killing the mutual agreements. Today, we see organizations, for example, Sony, Viacom and Time Warner, as organizations that are arriving at all aspects of the globe, and managing music, however all scopes of diversion fields. These overall aggregations hold enthusiasm for hundreds and thousands of performers each, and order tremendous measures of yearly salary from the music business alone. Talk about the accentuation set on the way that Performing Arts Professionals depend intensely on a full staffed emotionally supportive network to pick up and continue achievement. The measure of lawful issues that oversee a craftsman today is close to as broad as the United States charge code †which is additionally one of the numerous things that must be managed. The time that is important to keep up exact records, manage the entirety of the advertisers, merchants, legal counselors, and operators would be incomprehensible for a solitary individual, or even a little gathering of individuals, to embrace. Broadly showcased craftsmen have dealings with a large number of individuals that are identified with the promoting and conveyance of their item. This is the reason the music business has made a few explicit places that are planned to manage every feature of an artist’s profession. There are visit supervisors who manage nearby advertisers and scene proprietors to plan occasions and cement legally binding necessities. There are likewise advertising specialists who manage the diversion press and guarantee that all the vital data about a craftsman is accessible for open information †or at times, inaccessible. There are additionally amusement legal advisors whose activity it is to guarantee that the entirety of the issues that include the craftsman are managed in like manner. These issues may incorporate copyrights, responsibility for material, as well as the exchange of these starting with one gathering then onto the next. Another significant piece of an artist’s profession supervisory crew would be the bookkeeper. As we have seen with specialists, for example, Willie Nelson and others, inappropriately oversaw pay can bring about awful close to home and financial expenses to the craftsman. The measure of time that is essential for this errand to be looked after effectively, in the instances of particularly enormous acts, is several hours out of every week †obviously unthinkable for the craftsman to stress over and still keep up a vocation in music. At long last, there are the individuals whose activity it is to guarantee that each recorded track is great, and attractive †the maker. Today’s recording innovation is incomprehensibly more perplexing and touchy than was seen even twenty years prior. The mastery that is important to work and change the sound sheets for an account craftsman takes long stretches of preparing inside itself. A portion of these makers, for example, Bob Rock and Jermaine Dupri, have as much acknowledgment as the specialists that they support. They are likewise probably the most generously compensated experts inside the music business †as they regularly hold a huge level of the completed product’s copyright and in this manner, benefits. What are the FOUR FACTORS which speak to the fundamental center establishment adding to the achievement of the individuals who â€Å"win† in the Music Business? The principal factor is attractiveness. This is the capacity of a craftsman to make a collection of work that is adequate to the biggest conceivable crowd. The more individuals who might tune in to an artist’s picked style, the simpler it is to sell and benefit from that style. The term â€Å"Pop Music† is the very meaning of this. With specialists today, for example, Jessica Simpson and Kelly Clarkson, who produce standard music that pushes scarcely any limits, the capacity for the record organizations to advertise these craftsmen is enormously expanded. Next would be the playability of a craftsman. This is the capacity for a craftsman to be communicated on radio broadcasts and TV stations. It is significant that a craftsman have the option to be communicated on national radio broadcasts to guarantee that the craftsman is heard by the biggest conceivable number of individuals †in this manner expanding the conceivable number of record purchasers. There are approvals to this standard, be that as it may. Gatherings, for example, Korn and Pantera have each had number one records in the United States †with almost no airplay. This prompts the following element †visiting. Visiting is the best apparatus that a craftsman can use to see that their work is seen by the general population. Visits are typically entirely productive endeavors, the frequently the wellspring of most noteworthy measures of pay for the craftsman or gathering. Visits likewise empower the buyi

Justice System Position Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Equity System Position - Research Paper Example In any case, with the progression of time the power of the wrongdoing submitted by adolescent expanded which lead to the move in the focal point of the equity framework. The equity framework moved its concentration from restoration to discipline. This move in center has started the discussion of what the focal point of Juvenile Justice System ought to be. While many are of the supposition that this move in center is simply, I accept the focal point of adolescent equity framework ought to be recovery and not retaliation. Numerous people and gatherings of society accept that the danger of harsher discipline would help in diminishing the pace of adolescent wrongdoing. While it might be valid whenever drawn nearer from one angle yet the opposite side of the coin shows altogether different and antagonistic consequence of this methodology. As per an investigation directed by the North-eastern University in 1996 on adolescent recidivism, the treat of harsher sentences like that of grown-up has done little to diminish the adolescent crime percentage. Purpose behind supporting restoration as the focal point of adolescent equity framework is the conviction that youngsters being youthful despite everything have the potential and capacity to change. Kids are what the encompassing conditions have molded them to be. Whenever treated with legitimate consideration, there is a less possibility that they won't change. Sparing youngsters is simple since they are youthful and not completely developed in their reasoning. It is important to spare these youngsters with the goal that they improve a piece of the general public later on. Restoration through its different methodologies and projects has a superior capacity to spare these children’s than discipline. Restoration through its different projects like Youth Outreach Service (YOS) centers around surveying emotional wellness of the young. These projects expect to furnish the adolescent with quick help in regards to the psychological and enthusiastic issues brought about by the injury youth confronted in this way sparing assisting with sparing the kid. It is a result of this attention on mental improvement

Disposable Car seat covers essays

Expendable Car seat covers articles Inside the logical strategy, there are 6 stages to follow. By following these means all together, you will bring about a fruitful test. At the point when an individual decides to examine a specific condition, you characterize a particular issue for the investigation. This would happen to be the initial step of the Scientific technique, which is called Defining the issue. Defining a theory in any case, is an informed conjecture on how your test's outcomes would appear. With detailing a theory, you make a potential clarification of a watched set of realities, through thinking and mystery. To see if or not your theory is remotely right or nothing close by any means, you have to Test your speculation. This would be step #3 of the logical strategy called, Testing your theory experimentation. Until the examination is tried, it just stays as a speculation. Each test needs perceptions, just as estimations, without these your test is only inadequate. Estimations are required alongside percept ions, to acquire the exact outcomes for the arrangement of realities in your speculation. Without right outcomes you will be ensured to flop on the trial. All estimations and realities must be obvious to work. They call this fourth step, the Observation and Measurements step. All methods and materials utilized in tests, just as results must be recorded precisely and in full detail, also. This progression is called, Recording and announcing perceptions. You have to record the entirety of your methods and results so as to be profoundly sorted out in working out the issue. In the wake of working out the specific issue, you run over the last advance of the logical strategy which is called, Theories. Speculations are Explanations that apply to a wide scope of conditions for which you are testing.They are more mind boggling and harder to build up than a theory. Keep in mind, a Hypothesis is an informed supposition. Speculations on the other... <!

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Can Crime Be An Act Of Resistance - 903 Words

Can crime be an act of resistance†? Why do people commit certain crimes? Crimes are committed for many different reasons by people, but there is category of people who commit crimes in response to a State in which is biasedly against them and is posed to create some sort of statement and in many instances poverty can contribute to crime. Lets take the instance that if someone has grown up in a situation of poverty and is in a hopeless situation some individuals given those circumstances will turn to crime to get out of their poor conditions. Some may argue it is not an excuse because they are many who are poor who do not commit crime but on the contrary there are also many who are rich that do commit crime and get away with it due to their power or legitimacy. So we see that clearly if the conditions are bad or poor for somebody chances are that they is a higher possibility that some of those people might be involved in crime. There are some determinants that factor out in this consideration which is depending on the area and environment the individual surrounds themselves around with, there is a saying that â€Å"you are a product of your own environment†, due to this proposition the poor people get lack of opportunity to network with wealthy and educated individuals up in the hierarchy. They can only resort to the streets because of their environment, these people grew up in poverty and all around them is gang-affiliates, violent and drugs. The norms is that society considersShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Prevention Alliance981 Words   |  4 PagesResistance The Violence Prevention Alliance, an initiative by the WHO, defines interpersonal violence as violence against an individual or a community. It further subdivides this definition into two categories; family and community violence. 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Nasw Code Of Ethics Reaction Paper - 1440 Words

NASW Code of Ethics Reaction Paper As a generalist social worker one must engage, assess, plan, implement, evaluate, terminate, and follow up when working with individual or family case work (Kirst-Ashman Hull, 2015). According to Kirst-Ashman Hull (2015) the social worker must build a rapport during the engagement phase in order to have a commitment and advocate for the client’s right to self-determination (National Association of Social Workers, 2008). I feel that as social workers there are many challenges that we are faced with such lack of resources, client resistance, and personal reflection; however, as a generalist social worker one must be competent of resources (NASW, 2008) and have self-awareness in order to†¦show more content†¦1.02 Self-Determination According to NASW (2008) the social work profession must have respect and promotion of client’s right to self-determination. According to Lieberman (2017) each Sanchez family member has their own con cerns; however, through assessment a social worker must facilitate and allow the client to identify and clarify their goals (NASW, 2008). In Lieberman (2017) Hector Sanchez is resistant to apply for public benefits, such as Medicaid that can assist with subsided medical insurance and supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) that can assist with purchasing food for the family (Department of Children and Families (DCF), 2014). As a generalist social worker professional judgment of client’s right to self-determination may be limited if it can potentially cause risk and harm to the client’s or others’ well-being (NASW, 2008), this may apply to Hector’s case as his reluctance to apply for public benefits may hinder the family’s rights to basic needs such as food and healthcare. 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She has decided to move in with her mother, Alice, for the sake of the baby, although their relationship is strained. Jane has earned a GED and is waiting tables yet is at risk of losing her social services benefits because she is not complying with proper documentations. Alice Doe is in recovery fromRead MoreEthical Issues Regarding The Youth Participants At Leland Elementary953 Words   |  4 Pages Agency Ethics Paper Vonzell White Northeastern Illinois University What ethical issues tend to arise with the population? After being interviewed by the supervisor at BUILD about how this program is ran and all the policies and procedures, I willing selected this agency for field practicum because I was very interested in helping this population of individual’s and I felt that this was my area of expertise already. 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I will explain and describe a variety of factors that have been thought to underline substance abuse and will propose a formal diagnosis. After which, I will identify the treatment recommendations and specific approaches for Mary, as well as the ethical and legal obligations. To conclude, I will discuss the importance and significance of transference and counter transference. Substance useRead MoreEthical Standards Of Counseling And Moral Principles3592 Words   |  15 Pages(ASGW), and the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) come behind their own codes of ethics. While all these entities encourage significant values of trust, equal treatment, goodwill, and ethical standards of responsibilities for professionals it is imperative for persons who lead groups to become familiar with all standards within the organizations in which they serve. Following the guidelines of ethical codes is essential for the advancement of practical and accountable decision making both

Country Assessment of Bangladesh for Overseas Expansion

Question: Discuss about theCountry Assessment of Bangladesh for Overseas Expansion. Answer: Introduction Aussie Textiles is a quality garments manufacturer of medium-size operating from Queensland. As a result of the increase in the competition that it is facing from imported goods that are cheaper, the company is thinking in terms of establishing a manufacturing plant in Asia and has selected Bangladesh as the potential country for establishing its manufacturing plant overseas. This report will be discussing the advantages as well as the disadvantages of carrying out operations in Bangladesh by conducting an industry overview and market analysis and will then make recommendations on their basis to suggest the appropriateness of the country for this expansion. Industry Overview The developing nations in Asia are undertaking continuous expansion of their textile industry because of the cost of production being very low in these nations. Bangladesh has emerged as a major player in the sector of Ready Made Garments (RMG). The apparel industry contributes 76% to its total earnings from the exports of textile and clothing. The primary reason for this is the availability of labour in abundant quantities and at cheaper rates (Textile Exchange, 2016). Even though the export revenue of most countries of Asia in 2015 was disappointing, Bangladesh did not follow that trend. The export earnings of Bangladesh increased to $3.2 billion in December, 2015 which was a new record for the country. This success was a result of the success which may be attributed to the growth of the apparel industry in Bangladesh which accounted for more than 83% of the figures in December, 2015. The increase in worldwide demand for cheap clothing has made Bangladesh the worlds second largest exporter and the position continues to be strong because of the huge population and low costs of labour. As per the World Bank, the GDP of the country is also expected to increase by 6.7% in the current year which will put it among the worlds fastest growing economies (Matsangon, 2016). A total of 20% of the GDP of Bangladesh comes from exports, out of which 80% is contributed by clothing (HKTDC Research, 2013). However, the road ahead for the industry has certain obstacles also. The main recipients of the Bangladeshi garments is the European Union as they account for 61% of the exports and the European economies have been undergoing constant slowdown. Apart from this, the competition from Vietnam is also increasing which is expected to grow more rapidly after the ratification of the Trans Pacific Partnership during the current year. This could pose a threat to the current global ranking that Bangladesh has. Subsequently, the manufacturers of Bangladesh will be forced to bring in enhancements in their productivity levels for maintaining their competitive advantage. Despite these challenges, as the trade will pick up globally in the years to come, it is expected that demand will increase for the Bangladeshi garments and will prompt economic growth that is very much needed for the country (Matsangon, 2016). Market Analysis The market analysis for Bangladesh can be done with the help of the tools such as the PESTLE Analysis, Porters Five Forces and the Porters National Competitive Advantage Theory. PESTLE Analysis The PESTLE analysis is a tool that is useful for gaining an understanding of the growth or decline of the market and hence it helps in assessing the direction, potential and position of the business. It is a tool for measuring business. PESTLE is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environment factors that are used for assessing the market from the perspective of an organisational unit or business (PESTLE Analysis, 2016). The PESTLE Analysis for Bangladesh has been done in order to evaluate its business environment by focusing on the potentiality as well as the complexities. Political Political unrest is common which disturbs the countrys international and national trading system. Hence, foreign firms are apprehensive of investing FDI in Bangladesh. A number of accidents have also occurred recently in the garment sector (ILO, 2016). Recent terrorist attacks made the country lag behind and weakened the business and it has to reassure the foreign buyers (Riley, 2016). The recent incidents like Tazreen Fire and Rana Plaza Collapse has raised concerns on safety of workers. However, forums have become active to bring the things back to normal and ensuring safety (Merchandising, 2015). Economic With respect to textile industry, the Government has adopted certain positive initiatives favouring foreign investors and no distinctions are made between domestic private and foreign investors in relation to incentives for investment and policies of import and export. Social Companies usually face challenges in adjusting to the social environment of the country. The companies operating in the country are gradually recognizing the significance of corporate social responsibility. Technological Currently, heavy reliance on imported technology is present and planning is required for effectively transferring via adoption, assimilation and acquisition. The other points of the PEST Analysis have been mentioned in Appendix 1. Porters Five Forces Competitive Rivalry Between Existing Players Competitive rivalry exists in the industry for getting large orders from the buyers. Bangladesh is the 6th largest supplier of textiles in the markets of the EU and the USA. It is emerged as a good potential for supplying quality textiles at cheap prices. Majority of the raw materials are imported but other factors of production are utilized for producing cheaper apparels. An investment friendly atmosphere is offered by Bangladesh to various brand names that outsource their production process to the country (Samaraweera, 2011). Bangladesh is among the nations which is unable to complete its quota which the larger markets have provided it with. Consequently, several foreign nations are using it as a hub for preparing their products by means of outsourcing it to Bangladesh and then get access to markets which were not accessible previously to them. The country is deriving benefits from this situation and is inviting investors as well as foreign companies for placing orders in order to get this facility (Houkokusho, 2012). Bargaining Power of Customers This is mainly from the countries which do not have GSP or facility of quota. Quota system is a big player and with Bangladesh having a quota left in the EU markets where nations such as China do not have accessibility, it is emerging as a hub where countries buy the services and then export it with their labels. This provides a comparative advantage. This coupled with quality, has made Bangladesh the best choice available. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The country enjoys an advantage when inputs are ordered from the suppliers of cotton and knit in India and China. Import of most of the raw materials reduces the benefit of initiating backward linkage and increases the supplier power but still it is able to attain inputs at global prices from its suppliers. The power of the domestic suppliers is increasing gradually as the number of local companies is rising. A large scale advantage is available to the suppliers due to the concentration of the industry based on the area. It enjoys a good reputation globally with the suppliers due to timely payments which is assisting it in getting quick supplies of raw materials, matching prices with international quoting for local and foreign suppliers. Threat of New Entrants Economies of scale in production are yet to be achieved by the country which may result in potential entrants threatening its growth. The availability of cheap labour is the countrys biggest advantage which safeguards it from new entrants and growth has been rapid in the textile sector of Bangladesh which is posing a tough competition to the already established players. However, political scenario has been unstable in the recent years which have led to nations like Vietnam, Sri Lanka and some Latin American nations to try and take away the advantages but as of now the threat remains minimal. Threat of Substitutes Poor branding of the country and lesser power of influencing customers, has led to increase in preference for Thailand, India and China but the cost of the buyers switching to these nations is high due to comparatively higher labour and raw material costs (Business Wire, 2011). However, there is a threat of rise in the substitute products such as clothes of banana and jute fibres and synthetic products. Conclusion and Recommendations The analysis of Bangladesh reveals that the greatest advantage of the company is its cheap labour and the fact that due to the country being unable to fulfill its quota requirements, other nations can consider it as a hub for manufacturing and then use it for gaining entry into other markets. It is recommended that Aussie Textile should set up its manufacturing facility in Bangladesh even though there are disadvantages in the form of political instability and safety of the workers but still the low cost of production, the timely repayment to the suppliers and quality of goods produced along with the accessibility to new markets, things returning to normal and also assurance by the Government of providing safe conditions and timely deliveries are the major advantages which outweighs this disadvantage. The increasing labour wages and prices of raw materials in other Asian nations like Thailand, India and China makes Bangladesh the preferred destination. Bibliography Business Wire, 2011. Research and Markets: Bangladesh Apparel Industry Analysis. Research. Dublin: Business Wire Business Wire. HKTDC Research, 2013. Bangladeshs garment industry: recent development and outlook. [Online] Available at: https://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X09UVLU/hktdc-research/Bangladesh%E2%80%99s-garment-industry-recent-development-and-outlook [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Houkokusho, C., 2012. Dynamics of Garment Industry in Low Income Companies:Experience of Asia and Africa. Interim Report. IDE-JETRO. ILO, 2016. Improving Working Conditions in the Ready-Made Garment Sector in Bangladesh (RMGP Programme). ILO. Matsangon, E., 2016. Bangladesh textile industry sets export record. World Finance, 26 January. Merchandising, 2015. Readymade Garments Industry of Bangladesh. [Online] Available at: https://www.garmentsmerchandising.com/readymade-garments-industry-of-bangladesh/ [Accessed 25 September 2016]. PESTLE Analysis, 2016. What is PESTLE Analysis? A Tool for Business Analysis. [Online] Available at: https://pestleanalysis.com/what-is-pestle-analysis/ [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Riley, C., 2016. Bangladesh's huge garment industry tries to reassure foreign buyers. CNN Money, 4 JUly. Samaraweera, D., 2011. Analysis: Bangladesh Garment Industry Aims For Fast Growth. [Online] Available at: https://www.just-style.com/analysis/bangladesh-garment-industry-aims-for-fast-growth_id109958.aspx [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Textile Exchange, 2016. Apparel, Clothing Garments Industry Overview. [Online] Available at: https://www.teonline.com/apparel-garments/industry-overview.html [Accessed 25 September 2016].

Abuse Of Innocent Essays - Animal Welfare, Cruelty To Animals

Abuse Of Innocent Abuse of the Innocent Is it right to force a mouse to live it's live in a laboratory cage to test anti-cancer drug? How would you like to be squeezed in a cage with many other animals, not being able to touch the grass, run around and play, smell the flowers, or go for a walk in the warmth of the sunshine? Animal cruelty is wrong because we are hurting the Innocent. Animals experience and feel pain, fear, anxiety, stress, depression, boredom, joy and happiness. Animals are very intelligent, some ever learn our own language. Most people experience their first bond with an animal. Not only do they bring a companion and a friend into our lives, but also unconditional love and comfort. Pet shops and puppy mills mass produce, kennels are overcrowded and dirty, with very little nutrition. Cats/dogs are held in metal cages and lead miserable lives breeding continuously. Animals suffer and are neglected, some are sold to research laboratories. A large number of animals are raised for slaughter each year. A cow has a natural life span of twenty- five to thirty years, but only survives for an average of five.1 An estimated seventeen million raccoons, beavers, bobcats, lynx, coyotes, muskrats, nutria, and other animals are trapped each year in the United States for fur.2 They suffer from unbearable pain for several hours before their lives are ended by the trapper's club. Is the price of live worth the price of fur? Psalm 104, 27-30. All creatures depend on you to feed them throughout the year: you provide the food they eat, with generous hands you satisfy their hunger. You turn your face away, they suffer. You stop their breath, they die and revert to dust. You give breath, fresh life begins, you keep renewing the world. Disections have been practiced in biology classes for many years. Critics accuse some teachers of killing and argue that disection teaches nothing but cruelty. Nothing is learned by cutting up an animal that cannot be learned from photographs or drawings. Children do not learn about the human body by killing and disecting a person, they learn from diagrams and textbooks. Vivisection means cutting alive. It is a worldwide practice involving millions of animals. Scientists say that vivisections may not necessarily be painful. Every living being with a brain, spinal column, and central nervous system feels pain. Animals were not created for entertainment. What do zoos really teach children? The animals are stolen from their natural habitats and are brutally transferred. They suffer from boredom and have natural needs such as running, climbing, flying, and natural mating. All of the magic and glitter of the circus hides the true animal cruelty. Several animals are confined to small cages, muzzled, and repeatedly whipped in training. They are declawed, have their teeth removed, and drugged to be obedient. Military research on animals include monkeys, baboons, rats, guinea pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, and mice. ... when I see my closest relative locked in a restraining box, his head filled with electrodes, and all he has got to reach out to you is with his eyes, then how can we respond to that if we close ours?.3 Weapons are tested on innocent animals, nerve gas, bullets, and bombs are all used. One sad insight is gleaned from this statement, made by a Porton workman who lost his bearings: 'I thought I was ill, I thought I was seeing things. It was a little monkey enclosed In a glass cage. Its eyes seemed to be falling out and it couldn't breathe. It was in dreadful, dreadful distress. I forgot everything and went near it and said something to it, and it buried its head in it's arms and sobbed like a child. I never slept that night, and the next day managed to go back to the same room, but it was nearly finished by then. It had sunk to a little heap at the bottom of the glass cage.'.4 Animal cruelty is wrong, we are hurting the innocent. Cruelty of animals can be stopped, not only do we have to open our eyes, but open our mouths as well. Read a book, write a letter, join a group or start a group, either way, an animal will be grateful for the chance of a happy life. Bibliography . Loraine Kay, Living Without Cruelty, (London: Sidwick & Jackson, 1990), p.15. 2. Laura Fraser, The Animal Rights Handbook, (Los Angeles: Living Planet Press, 1990), p.9. 3. Kay, Living Without Cruelty, p. 121. 4. Kay, Living Without Cruelty, p.119. Bibliography

buy custom Stepping off the Edge essay

buy custom Stepping off the Edge essay Sometimes life experience is very difficult because not everything goes the way we desire. There are some people who are ready to show us clear directions, others are very willing to help, but then we meet the challenge and have to persevere and fight to go on living because life is not that easy. For the Sake of Strangers is a poem which explains the daily hustles of a person who tries to overcome all the obstacles which we encounter in our daily lives. It is very difficult to carry all the weights of grief which always surround us and we have to make a lot of sacrifice. The modern life we live is already a great challenge. It is clear that the author of the poem sympathized with all the people who surrounded her as she stated in the poem that it was extremely difficult to carry the total weight of grief. I have a strong feeling that the author of this poem, Dorianne Laux really tried to use the universal tone throughout the poem. This is because Laux used the word we whichis a universal word, meaning many people. I think she liked the masses of people who inspired her to write the poem. One may see, the description of the young boy who was aimed at giving the speaker some directions clearly showed that the narrator had found the exact person to help her out, since she was courageous enough to ask everything she needed. Sometimes the difficulties that we meet in our life, like loneliness caused by failed relationship and other family problems, can affect our life and make someone lose the hope of living again. It is very true that the dull strength, which is explained in the poem, makes us move on with life despite the difficulties that we may be facing in life. No matter how difficult life may be, it is easy to notice a good deed which is out of generosity, and mellowness in the world of many miseries. The author was able to notice the young boy, who was out to give her the directions and the woman, who also helped her, although, she did something which was very smalll like holding of the door for her empty body to pass. This shows that there are good people in this world who are ready to help though they might not be noticed because of the minor roles they may play in our lives. This is because the pain that we may experience makes us blind to the strangers who are there for us despite the lifes challenges that we are undergoing. Even trees offered their help by giving their blossoms; and the smile of a mentally chalanged child is a clear indication that the world can speak to us in many ways. It shows that not only people can help us to uplift the heavy weight which is glued to our shoulders. This poem is a tribute because it shows that everything and anything that exist in this world really matter in everyones current life; even though, we may not really be aware of their existence. We should be able to immerse fully in our humanity experience by listening to the breathing world, stepping off the edge and bearing the heavy weight of all the pain we undergo, as well as the existence gravity. Buy custom Stepping off the Edge essay

Chapter 8 Discussion 2 Week 5 Receivables Assignment

Chapter 8 Discussion 2 Week 5 Receivables - Assignment Example This would mean that a firm may either have to abandon its plan for a liberal credit policy or it may end up having cash flow crisis if it continues with the plan. Competitors’ actions and reactions of customers to a change in the credit policy are important. It is possible that customers may shift their business in favor of a competitor who offers the best credit terms. Credit controllers in firms should take a competitors and customers analysis to determine possible effects to a change in credit policy. The management should ensure that it adopts a policy that poses minimal risk of lost customer goodwill as well as providing a sustainable competitive advantage (Bartels, 1967). Probability of bad debts and the managements risk appetite are also a major influence of a credit policy. If the management of a company determines that there is a high risk of their credit sales becoming bad, they would probably set up a tight credit policy. Companies whose management is risk averse do not favor loose credit policies. Impact of the credit policy on turnover, profitability and liquidity should also be considered. The management should seek to maintain a balance between increasing sales and profits and maintaining liquidity at appropriate levels (Talekar, 2005). This trade-off dictates the credit policy of a firm. The company may opt to reduce the credit limits of clients who are perceived to pose a high risk. The management should carry out customer due diligence and analyses so as to assess the credit worthiness of their clients. This should be done periodically, and the management should ensure that credit limits are lowered for high risk clients. This should be done carefully so that the customer’s loyalty is not eroded. The amount of $ credit sales should be capped to a certain limit depending on the credit worthiness assessment. The management may seek to use third parties

Judicial activism of the European Court of Justice Essay

Judicial activism of the European Court of Justice - Essay Example In spite of this, the ECJ tends to take a cautious approach in adopting the policy. It is worth noting that the ECJ has a constant need to develop general principles for procedural purposes, which can sometimes be interpreted as activism (Kelly 315). Unlike federal states, there is no hierarchy relation between European community laws and national laws. Therefore, these two sets of laws coexist in the European judicial environment. As such, there is a need for certain comprehensive principles to resolve problems arising from conflict between these two sets of laws and the ECJ took up this boundary-pushing duty of setting up principles such as the direct effect and primacy. The EU Treaty does not assign the ECJ federation duties and its assumption of this role can be interpreted as judicial activism (Kelly 315). Member states, institutions and individuals in the EU are bound by the constitutional principles developed by the ECJ when they act within the community. In a series of decisi ons, passed in the 1960s and 1970s, the ECJ established doctrines that have served as precedents of a theory of legal intervention into the relationship between Member States and the Community. In an apparently activist approach, the ECJ held that the provisions of the Treaty could have a direct effect in its ruling on the 1963 Van Gend en Loos case. This essentially means that individuals and private citizens could sue national governments in the national courts for failing to enforce the Treaty. In its declaration, the ECJ stipulated that the Treaty is superior to an agreement that creates mutual obligations between contracting states insisting that the Community constitutes a new legal order of international law limiting the sovereignty of states within limited fields (Abels and Joyce 59). In the case of Costa v. ENEL, the ECJ established the supremacy doctrine meaning that state transfers of legal powers were irreversible and permanently limited their sovereign rights. In its ru ling, the ECJ decreed that the EEC treaty was no ordinary international treaty and had its own legal system which upon enforcement of the Treaty became an integral part of the legal systems of Member States and their courts were bound by the system. It further stated that the creation of a community of unlimited duration, with its own institutions, personality, legal capacity, capacity of representation on the international plane and most importantly, real powers limiting sovereignty of Member States or the transfer of power from the states to the Community, members had effectively limited their sovereign rights, within limited fields, creating a body of law binding their nationals and themselves(Abels and Joyce 59). In the Francovich case, the court resolute that the failure of Member States to swap orders amounts to a breach of Community law and as such were obliged to compensate harm suffered by individuals. The court in its ruling held that the complete efficiency of Community r ules would be compromised, and the protection of the rights they grant weakened if individuals were denied redress when their rights were infringed by violation of Community law for which a Member State was responsible (Dougan 157). The ECJ developed the preemption doctrine in a series of cases. This doctrine implied that

Third Reich Essay Example for Free

Third Reich Essay The Nazi rise to power brought an end to the Weimar Republic, a parliamentary democracy established in Germany after World War I. Following the appointment of Adolf Hitler as chancellor on January 30, 1933, the Nazi state (also referred to as the Third Reich) quickly became a regime in which Germans enjoyed no guaranteed basic rights. After a suspicious fire in the Reichstag (the German Parliament), on February 28, 1933, the government issued a decree which suspended constitutional civil rights and created a state of emergency in which official decrees could be enacted without parliamentary confirmation. In the first months of Hitlers chancellorship, the Nazis instituted a policy of coordinationthe alignment of individuals and institutions with Nazi goals. Culture, the economy, education, and law all came under Nazi control. The Nazi regime also attempted to coordinate the German churches and, although not entirely successful, won support from a majority of Catholic and Protestant clergymen. Extensive propaganda was used to spread the regimes goals and ideals. Upon the death of German president Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, Hitler assumed the powers of the presidency. The army swore an oath of personal loyalty to him. Hitlers dictatorship rested on his position as Reich President (head of state), Reich Chancellor (head of government), and Fuehrer (head of the Nazi party). According to the Fuehrer principle, Hitler stood outside the legal state and determined matters of policy himself. Hitler had the final say in both domestic legislation and German foreign policy. Nazi foreign policy was guided by the racist belief that Germany was biologically destined to expand eastward by military force and that an enlarged, racially superior German population should establish permanent rule in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Here, women played a vital role. The Third Reichs aggressive population policy encouraged racially pure women to bear as many Aryan children as possible. Within this framework, racially inferior peoples, such as Jews and Gypsies, would be eliminated from the region. Nazi foreign policy aimed from the beginning to wage a war of annihilation against the Soviet Union, and the peacetime years of the Nazi regime were spent preparing the German people for war. In the context of this ideological war, the Nazis planned and implemented the Holocaust, the mass murder of the Jews, who were considered the primary racial enemy. Open criticism of the regime was suppressed by the Gestapo (secret state police) and the Security Service (SD) of the Nazi party, but Hitlers government was popular with most Germans. There was, however, some German opposition to the Nazi state, ranging from nonconformity to the attempt to kill Hitler on July 20, 1944. The Allies defeated Nazi Germany and forced a German surrender on May 8, 1945. Further Reading Burleigh, Michael. The Third Reich: A New History. New York: Hill and Wang, 2000.

Love in Knights Tale and Wife of Baths Tale Essay -- Chaucers Cante

Love in Knight's Tale and Wife of Bath's Tale The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer around 1386, is a collection of tale told by pilgrims on a religious pilgrimage. Two of these tales, "The Knight's Tale" and "The Wife of Bath's Tale", involve different kinds of love and different love relationships. Some of the loves are based on nobility, some are forced, and some are based on mutual respect for each partner. My idea of love is one that combines aspects from each of the tales told in The Canterbury Tales. In "The Knight's Tale", the love between the two knights and Emelye is intensely powerful. The love that Palomon and Arcite feel towards Emelye is so strong that the two knights feel that it is worth more than their own lives. At one point, Palomon tells Arcite that he shall either have Emelye or he shall die. The love that Palomon feels for Emelye is so overwhelming that he is willing to take on an armed man, in mortal combat, just for the love of a woman. Perhaps he feels that without her, he will surely die, so why not die trying to win her? The ironic fact about the relationship between each knight and Emelye is the fact that Emelye does not wish to marry either of the knights. She is aware that she is just a prized possession, one that is not fully known, because she has never exchanged a single word with either gentleman. However, in that time period, she could not easily express her feelings, and if she were able to, those feelings would most likely be ignored. Like already mentioned, this is so ironic because Arcite and Palomon are about to kill each other for Emelye's love and she doesn't want to be loved by either of them. She enjoys the thrills of maidenhood too much to have them ended by ... .... The Wife of Bath has used men in her life for riches. She leans toward a feminist nature and seems resentful toward most men. For women, she is easy to respect and admire. She is an intelligent woman, however, she may not know the limits of her games. That is the beauty of society. Thousands of years after this novel has been written, men and women still don not know what one another want. In taking both Psychology and Sociology this year, I hope to grasp a better understanding on how both sexes co-exist with one another. Works Consulted: Chaucer, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale.† From The Riverside Chaucer, Third Edition. Ed. Larry D. Benson. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Mack, Maynard et al. W. W. Norton and Co. New York, NY. 1992. 1551-1621.

Role of Youth in Environment Protection

CHAPTER 20 – WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT I. II. III. IV. Introduction Progress, 1996-2000 Prospects, 2001-2005 Conclusion LIST OF TABLES Table 20-1 Table 20-2 Table 20-3 Table 20-4 Employment Distribution By Gender Within Sectors, 1995 And 2000 Employment Distribution By Sector And Gender,1995 And 2000 Employment Distribution By Occupation And Gender, 1995 And 2000 R&D Personnel By Gender And Qualification, 1998 Chapter Chapter 20 Women and Development Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl 8 an Malaysia PlanMalaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 556 20 I. WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION 20. 01 Women constitute an important pool of resource that can be mobilized to achieve the national development agenda. Through the continuous efforts of the Government in providing an enabling environment during the Seventh Plan period, women continued to participate in and contribut e towards the social and economic development of the country. 20. 02 During the Eighth Plan period, efforts will continue to be undertaken to enhance the role, position and status of women to ensure their participation as equal partners in national development.Women will be provided with the skills and knowledge to cope with the challenges of globalization and fulfil the needs of the knowledge-based economy. II. PROGRESS, 1996-2000 20. 03 During the Seventh Plan period, women continued to make significant contributions in various fields of national development through greater participation in the economy. This was made possible through the further operationalization of the National Policy for Women and its Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women, which included the implementation of gender-sensitive and awareness training programmes.In addition, the removal of legal and institutional constraints that inhibited the participation of women in the development process further facilit ated the involvement of women. Population, Labour Force and Employment 20. 04 Based on the 2000 Population Census, about 48. 9 per cent or 11. 4 million of the total population were women. The age-structure of the female Chapter 20 557 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma population was similar to that of the male, with 52. 4 per cent of the female population in the age-group 24 years and below.The Census also revealed that due to the improved female life expectancy, the proportion of the female population in the 65 to 74 years age-group increased from 3. 0 per cent in 1991 to 4. 3 per cent in 2000. 20. 05 Although 48 per cent of women were in the working age population of 15-64 years, they only accounted for a third of the labour force. Female labour force participation registered an increase, from 43. 5 per cent in 1995 to 45. 8 per cent in 1997, but declined to 44 per cent in 1998 due to the economic downturn. W ith the economic recovery, this rate subsequently increased to 44. per cent in 2000. 20. 06 Female employment in the mining and quarrying sector experienced the largest decline of 4. 9 per cent, between 1995 and 2000, followed by the agriculture, forestry, livestock and fishing sector, which recorded a decline of 1. 8 per cent during the same period, as shown in Table 20-1. Various efforts were undertaken to assist these women to re-enter the job market, including the implementation of training programmes to encourage them to venture into small businesses as well as retraining, and the identification and placement of these women in alternative jobs. 0. 07 Overall, the manufacturing sector absorbed the largest share of employed women accounting for 27. 3 per cent in 2000, consistent with the expanding opportunities in the sector. Another sector that recorded high female employment is the wholesale and retail trade, hotel and restaurants, as shown in Table 20-2. 20. 08 Improvements we re recorded in the occupational structure, with more women moving into higher-paying occupations during the Plan period. The proportion of women in the professional and technical category increased from 12. 7 per cent in 1995 to 13. per cent in 2000, while the proportion of women in the administrative and managerial category recorded an increase of 0. 4 per cent during the same period, as shown in Table 20-3. The share of women employed as agriculture workers declined from 16. 6 per cent in 1995 to 14. 8 per cent in 2000, consistent with the overall decline in total employment in the sector. Women were mainly employed as production and related workers, which accounted for 22. 6 per cent of total female employment in 2000. 558 TABLE 20-1 EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY GENDER WITHIN SECTORS, 1995 AND 2000 (%) 1995 2000Sector Male Female Male Female Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock & Fishing 71. 4 28. 6 73. 2 26. 8 Mining & Quarrying 82. 1 17. 9 87. 0 13. 0 Manufacturing 57. 2 42. 8 58. 9 41. 1 Construction 93. 5 6. 5 94. 0 6. 0 Electricity, Gas & Water 90. 4 9. 6 90. 5 9. 5 Transport, Storage & Communications 87. 9 12. 1 86. 9 13. 1 Wholesale & Retail Trade, Hotel & Restaurants 61. 3 38. 7 60. 7 39. 3 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services 60. 1 39. 9 60. 1 39. 9 Other Services 60. 0 40. 0 54. 7 45. 3 66. 1 33. 9 65. 5 34. 5 Total TABLE 20-2 EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY SECTOR AND GENDER, 995 AND 2000 (%) 1995 2000 Sector Male Female Male Female 21. 6 16. 9 20. 2 14. 1 0. 5 0. 2 0. 4 0. 1 Manufacturing 20. 2 29. 4 20. 6 27. 3 Construction 11. 3 1. 5 12. 1 1. 5 0. 9 0. 2 0. 7 0. 1 Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock & Fishing Mining & Quarrying Electricity, Gas & Water Transport, Storage & Communications 6. 2 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services 1. 7 6. 1 1. 7 16. 6 Wholesale & Retail Trade, Hotel & Restaurants 20. 5 18. 1 22. 3 4. 5 5. 7 17. 2 27. 1 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Chapter 20 559 5. 6 24. 0 100. 0 Total 4. 3 18. 4 Other ServicesMalaysia P lan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma TABLE 20-3 EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY OCCUPATION AND GENDER, 1995 AND 2000 (%) 1995 2000 Occupation Category Male Female Male Female Professional, Technical & Related Workers 8. 4 12. 7 8. 9 13. 5 Administrative & Managerial Workers 3. 9 1. 8 4. 7 2. 2 Clerical & Related Workers 7. 5 17. 5 7. 1 17. 5 10. 5 11. 6 11. 1 12. 1 9. 4 14. 4 9. 5 17. 4 Agriculture Workers 21. 9 16. 6 20. 4 14. 8 Production & Related Workers 38. 3 25. 4 38. 4 22. 6 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. Sales & Related Workers Service Workers Total 20. 09 Various measures were undertaken to improve female participation in the labour market. The Employment Act 1955 was amended in 1998, which among others, provided for flexible working hours and empowered the Minister of Human Resources to make rules on statutory benefits to be paid to part-time workers proportionate to that of full-time employees. This amendment permitted wome n, especially housewives, to be gainfully employed in part-time employment, while allowing them the flexibility to meet their family obligations.In an effort to allow women in the public sector to care for their newborn and to encourage breastfeeding, as of May 1998, maternity leave up to 60 days was allowed for a maximum of up to five children. In addition, provisions for tax deductions were provided to employers for the establishment of child-care centres near or at the workplace. Employers were also encouraged to provide facilities such as proper housing, transport and healthcare for the benefit of rural migrants, the majority of whom were women. Educational Attainment 20. 0 An important factor that contributed towards the social and economic advancement of women was the huge investments in educational facilities 560 accompanied by the provision of equal access to educational opportunities. Female primary and secondary school enrolment in local public institutions reflected the g ender ratio in the country. At the primary and secondary levels, enrolment of female students was about half of the total enrolment, while at the upper secondary level, female students accounted for about 66 per cent of total enrolment in 2000.Intake of female students into public universities expanded significantly from 50 per cent in 1995 to 55 per cent in 2000. 20. 11 With regard to preference for courses, female dominance in the arts streams continued to be prevalent accounting for 65 per cent of total enrolment in the arts and humanities courses in 2000. Females also made further inroads into science and technical courses. Female enrolment in the sciences in institutions of higher learning accounted for 60 per cent, while in the technical field it was 30 per cent in 2000.Skills and Entrepreneur Development 20. 12 Specific skills and entrepreneur training programmes were implemented to enable women to improve themselves and take advantage of the opportunities in the job market. In this regard, courses in areas such as business, organizational and financial management were implemented. Skills training programmes provided by the Centre for Instructor and Advanced Skills Training were expanded, resulting in an increase of 19. 4 per cent in the female enrolment between 1995 and 2000. 20. 3 With improved literacy and the changing needs of the rural community, courses that contributed towards the involvement of women in income-generating activities were also undertaken. Towards this end, extension services in the form of the provision of equipment, initial capital grants, advisory services and training in areas such as product processing, as well as leadership and motivation courses were conducted. 20. 14 Measures were undertaken to facilitate the involvement of women in business through the provision of easy access to capital. The Women Entrepreneurs Fund was established in 1998 with an allocation of RM10 million.A total of 12 projects amounting to RM9. 5 milli on was approved under the Fund. Through the Small Entrepreneur Fund, a total of about 6,000 women entrepreneurs obtained loans amounting to RM65 million. Chapter 20 561 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma 20. 15 Various women entrepreneur and industry associations were formed, generally to serve as a platform for women entrepreneurs to establish networks and exchange information and experiences as well as to conduct training programmes, seminars, and workshops on motivation, leadership and entrepreneur development.The Women’s Institute of Management (WIM) offered skills training courses, particularly in the area of entrepreneurship as well as operated an on-line network called WIMNET that provided database search facilities to businesswomen around the world. In addition, the Institute of Women’s Advancement, the Federation of Women Entrepreneurs Association and the Association for Bumiputera Women En trepreneurs conducted courses and seminars in skills and entrepreneur development.A total of about 10,000 women benefited from these courses. Research and Development 20. 16 Women were actively involved in research and development activities during the Plan period. According to the 1998 National Survey of Research and Development, which covered research undertaken by government research institutions, institutions of higher learning and the private sector, women accounted for about a third of the total number of researchers with masters and bachelor degree qualifications, as shown in Table 20-4.In terms of research fields in the public sector, females were predominantly found in the medical and health and information sectors. TABLE 20-4 R&D PERSONNEL BY GENDER AND QUALIFICATION, 1998 (%) Phd Masters Bachelor Non-Degree Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female GRI1 29. 2 8. 0 38. 0 16. 4 14. 6 8. 5 11. 8 9. 2 2 39. 8 15. 0 15. 0 14. 0 9. 7 9. 0 14. 0 19. 6 7. 0 1. 0 13. 0 3. 6 43. 2 15. 0 36. 8 8. 6 76. 0 24. 0 66. 0 34. 0 67. 5 32. 5 62. 6 37. 4 IHL Private Sector Total Notes: 1 Refers to Government Research Institutions 2Refers to Institutions of Higher Learning 562 Health Status 20. 17 Women were equal recipients of the benefits of developments in the health sector. As such, the health status of women continued to register improvements during the Plan period. The average female life expectancy continued to improve from 74 years in 1995 to 74. 7 years in 2000 compared with 69. 3 years and 69. 9 years, respectively, for males. The maternal mortality rate, which is an indicator of the health status of women, remained low at 0. 2 per 1,000 live births during the Plan period. 20. 8 With the introduction of the Family Health Programme in 1996, women’s health was given emphasis from two perspectives, namely, the health of the family comprising maternal and child health, immunization, family planning, early detection of cancers and nutrition, as well as diseases affecting women with specific attention to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The maternal and child health programme, aimed at reducing maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, improving prenatal and antenatal healthcare and providing health and utrition education continued to be implemented. In addition, increased accessibility to safe delivery services contributed towards the achievement of a satisfactory maternal mortality rate. As a result, deliveries in the public sector health facilities increased from 85. 1 per cent in 1985 to 95. 3 per cent in 1999. Concerted efforts were also undertaken to widen the coverage of antenatal health care services resulting in 72 per cent of pregnant women having access to such services.The Government introduced the Nutrition Rehabilitation Programme for Pregnant Mothers in 1997 to further improve the health status of women through the provision of adequate nutrition, particularly women in t he low-income group. 20. 19 With longer life expectancy and to ensure that women are healthy and remain healthy in their old age, health education programmes, seminars and workshops on healthy lifestyles, nutrition and the importance of regular medical examinations were introduced by the public and private sectors.In view of the fact that women, especially young women, are in the high-risk category in terms of vulnerability to AIDS, greater emphasis was given towards providing information on AIDS awareness and education. Despite these efforts, the percentage of women with HIV infection increased from 4. 3 per cent in 1995 to 5. 1 per cent in 1999. A programme, specifically for pregnant mothers infected with HIV, was also introduced at all antenatal clinics. Chapter 20 563 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan MaPoverty among Female-headed Households 20. 20 Recognizing that increasing poverty among women is a world-wide phenomenon, various efforts were undertaken by the Government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to reduce the incidence of poverty among women. These included the provision of micro-credit facilities to about 22,850 women through Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia to facilitate their involvement in small businesses and training programmes to assist single mothers to obtain employment. Despite these efforts, the incidence of poverty among female-headed households increased from 15. per cent or 585,688 households in 1997 to 16. 1 per cent or 588,554 households in 1999. Supportive Legislation 20. 21 During the period, efforts to further enhance the status of women continued to be undertaken. Existing regulations were reviewed and new ones enacted to protect the rights and dignity of women in both public and private life. In recognition of the importance of women’s contribution to the labour force, the amendment of the Employment Act 1955 encouraged more women to join the labour for ce.With the increased participation of women in the labour force, the existence of a healthy working environment is crucial. Towards this end, in 1999 the Government introduced a code of ethics for the prevention of sexual harassment at the workplace. This code, although applicable to both men and women, contains specific provisions to protect women in the workplace. In addition, women taxpayers, whose husbands had no taxable income, were provided taxable relief similar to that available to a male taxpayer whose wife had no taxable income. 20. 2 To enhance the capability and capacity of syariah courts, including in the handling of issues pertaining to Muslim women, the Government initiated a review of the organization of syariah courts in the country. Consequently, the Department of Syariah Judiciary was established in 1997, among others, aimed at ensuring uniformity among states in the judgement of cases pertaining to Islamic Family Law. During the period, five states, namely, Mela ka, Negeri Sembilan, Perlis, Pulau Pinang and Selangor as well as the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur implemented the Islamic Family Law.With this implementation, Muslim women were provided with better protection. 564 20. 23 Various efforts were undertaken to further protect the rights and dignity of women. The Women and Girls Protection Act 1973 and the Child Protection Act 1991 were reviewed and streamlined into the Child Act 2000. In addition, recognizing the role of women in caring for their families, the Guardianship of Infants Act 1961 was amended in 1999 to allow joint guardianship of children in matters relating to immigration and registration.In implementing this amendment, the Government, in 2000, also allowed mothers to sign all documents involving their underage children. National Machinery for the Advancement of Women 20. 24 The national machinery for the advancement of women in Malaysia comprises the Government, the private sector and NGOs, working in tandem towards the common objective of improving the status of women. Recognizing the need to further enhance the effectiveness of the national machinery, the Women’s Affairs Department at the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development was transferred to the Prime Minister’s Department in 1999.To enable more effective implementation of the National Policy for Women, the Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women was introduced to all public and private sector agencies to be used as a guide in the planning and implementation of development programmes. In addition, gender sensitization training programmes continued to be implemented in the public sector and similar programmes were initiated in the private sector. 20. 5 During the period, the National Advisory Council on the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) continued to function as the coordinating, consultative and advisory body on women’s affairs by highlighting to the Government issues and concerns pertain ing to women. Measures were also undertaken to institute links with the grassroot through the establishment of women service centres at the state level and women’s affairs consultative committees at the state and district levels.During the Plan period, centres were established in the States of Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Sabah and Selangor, which provided various services such as counselling, legal assistance and temporary shelter for women in need. The consultative committees monitored the implementation and impact of programmes and projects for women and provided the necessary feedback for improved project formulation and implementation. 20. 26 NGOs played an important role in complementing the efforts of the Government in advancing the status of women.In addition to organizing courses in family health, legal literacy, entrepreneurial development and parenting skills, Chapter 20 565 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malays ia Plan Ma NGOs also implemented various activities to increase the knowledge and skills of women in the vocational and technical fields. Specific programmes were also introduced to assist single mothers in obtaining employment and caring for their families. NGOs also played the catalytic role in highlighting issues to further improve the status and rights of women.III. PROSPECTS, 2001-2005 20. 27 During the Eighth Plan period, efforts will continue to be undertaken to further enhance the role, position and responsibilities of women so as to increase their participation and involvement in the social and economic life of the country. In implementing the Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women, the Government will continue to ensure that strategies and programmes implemented are consistent with Malaysian values, religious beliefs and cultural norms. 20. 8 Taking cognizance of the changes in the global environment and the need to adjust to these changes, efforts will be undertaken to provide women with the skills and knowledge to cope with the twin responsibilities of family and career. Towards this end, the strategic thrusts for the future advancement of women will be: t increasing female participation in the labour market; t providing more education and training opportunities for women to meet the demands of the knowledge-based economy and improve their upward mobility in the labour market; t enhancing women’s involvement in business; reviewing laws and regulations that inhibit the advancement of women; t improving further the health status of women; t reducing the incidence of poverty among female-headed households; t strengthening research activities to increase participation of women in development and enhance their well-being; and t strengthening the national machinery and the institutional capacity for the advancement of women. 566 Increasing Female Participation in the Labour Force 20. 29 Although women account for nearly half of the working ag e population, their participation in the labour force is relatively low.Various efforts will be undertaken to mobilize this available pool of resource, thus increasing the supply of labour and contributing towards enhancing the nation’s output. The private sector, being the largest employer, will be further encouraged to introduce the necessary support facilities such as establishing child-care centres as well as providing transportation and housing facilities for their women employees. In addition, the Employment Act 1955 will be amended to include new and flexible working arrangements such as teleworking, part-time work and job sharing, to enable women to integrate career with household duties.Providing More Education and Training Opportunities 20. 30 Women will be provided with more education and training opportunities to meet the demands of the knowledge-based economy as well as to facilitate their upward mobility into higher-paying occupations. To encourage more women to pursue non-traditional fields of study such as science, engineering and vocational and technical education, career counselling programmes will be implemented to provide information and instill greater awareness among female students and parents regarding career opportunities in the professional and technical fields. 0. 31 With the need to increase knowledge and skills as well as move towards higher capital intensity, there will be a greater demand for highly and multiskilled workers. Women will thus be provided with more training opportunities to acquire new and advanced skills relevant to the needs of the industry. In addition, in response to the rapid changes in technology that requires constant upgrading of skills, women will be provided with increased opportunities for retraining.The private sector will also be encouraged to complement the efforts of the Government in providing more skills training opportunities for women, including in new technologies. 20. 32 Efforts will be u ndertaken to improve women’s access to information and communications technology (ICT). Formal and non-formal training in areas such as computer literacy and applications of ICT will be conducted jointly by the Government and NGOs, with special emphasis given to rural women. In addition, to enhance the effectiveness of the training programmes, efforts will be taken to ensure that software development is gender sensitive.Chapter 20 567 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma Enhancing Women’s Involvement in Business 20. 33 Efforts to enhance women’s involvement in business will continue to be undertaken. Training in business-related areas such as marketing, accounting, budgeting and planning will be implemented by the Government and NGOs. Programmes will be implemented to enable women entrepreneurs to be more competitive in terms of production, product quality and design as well as packaging and la belling. In addition, the utilization of ICT in business will be emphasized.The Government will also continue to provide funds under the Women Entrepreneurs Fund to enable more women to participate in business. Through the implementation of gender sensitive strategies, more opportunities will be provided to women to increase their participation and involvement in business ventures. Reviewing Laws and Regulations 20. 34 Existing laws and regulations will be reviewed to eliminate provisions that discriminate or have adverse effects on women. Legislation that will be reviewed includes those pertaining to family law and the distribution of property for non-Muslims.The Government will study the feasibility of establishing family courts with a view towards ensuring that issues pertaining to the family are discussed and decisions made in a more conducive environment. Efforts will also be undertaken to ensure the effective enforcement and speedy implementation of court decisions, including decisions of syariah courts, so as to provide for the protection and welfare of women. In addition, steps will continue to be taken to ensure the implementation of Islamic Family Law in the remaining states. Improving the Health Status 20. 5 Emphasis will continue to be given to promoting women’s health and that of their families. Through the family health programme, special attention will be given to HIV and sexually-transmitted infection prevention, family planning, as well as the identification of factors causing non-communicable diseases such as cancers, mental illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. In view of the fact that women have longer life expectancy and to ensure that women remain healthy in their old age, specific health education programmes including the promotion of healthy lifestyles and nutrition will continue to be implemented. 68 20. 36 Recognizing the peculiarities of illnesses confronting women, such as osteoporosis and those related to reproductive healt h, and in an effort to provide higher quality healthcare for women, the Government will establish a special hospital for women. This hospital will be the national referral centre for women’s health and well-being. In addition, research on various aspects of women’s health will be undertaken, with emphasis on biomedical, socio-behavioural and clinical research. Reducing the Incidence of Poverty among Female-headed Households 20. 7 In view of the increasing number of female-headed households and the rising incidence of poverty among them, efforts will be undertaken to ensure that these women have the capacity and capability to care for their families. Towards this end, research on the difficulties faced by women as head of households as well as the differing impacts of poverty on women and men will be undertaken to assist in the development of relevant programmes and projects. A special programme aimed at reducing the incidence of poverty among female-headed households w ill also be formulated to improve their quality of life as well as that of their families.Strengthening Research Activities 20. 38 During the Plan period, emphasis will be given to strengthening research in specific areas that will contribute towards increasing the participation of women in national development and enhancing their well-being. Research will be undertaken in areas such as the involvement of women in science and technology and ICT, the welfare of women in the informal sector, the role and status of women in the workplace, mobility of women in the labour force and remunerations received, women and mental health, and difficulties faced by women as head of households.Findings from these activities will assist in the formulation of policies and programmes that will further promote the advancement of women. Strengthening the National Machinery and the Institutional Capacity 20. 39 The establishment of the Ministry for Women and Family Development will provide greater focus on issues relating to women as well as ensure the effective implementation and coordination of programmes for women and families. Chapter 20 569 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan MaConsistent with the goals of the National Policy for Women, efforts will be undertaken to improve and strengthen the national machinery for the advancement of women. Towards this end, measures will be instituted to ensure greater coordination and collaboration in the implementation of activities for women. In addition, links with the grassroots will continue to be strengthened with the establishment of women service centres in the remaining 10 states. 20. 40 During the Plan period, various mechanisms will be instituted to enable women to participate in decision-making processes at all levels.This is to ensure the incorporation of the needs of women in the formulation of policies and the development of strategies and programmes for the fu rther advancement of women. Gender analysis training and sensitization for policy-makers and planners and programme implementors will continue to be implemented in the public and private sectors. Greater efforts will also be undertaken to ensure the systematic collection and compilation of gender disaggregated data to facilitate analysis, create awareness and formulate appropriate and effective follow-up action on gender issues. IV. CONCLUSION 0. 41 With the provision of equal access to healthcare as well as educational and training programmes and improved employment opportunities, women made advancements in various fields of development. During the Eighth Plan period, efforts will continue to further enhance the status of women as equal partners in development. Towards this end, the Government will provide the enabling environment and supportive mechanisms, including the implementation of gender sensitive programmes, to enable women to reach their full potential in the social and e conomic fields of development. 570

Antigone and a Rasin in the Sun Essay - 1873 Words

Antigone and A Rasin in the Sun Antigone and A Raisin in the Sun are two pieces of literature that are similar in one way, yet very different in another way. Both are very interesting pieces that were written to captivate even the most critical of audiences. This paper will show similarities as well as differences between the two pieces and their authors. Antigone is a play written by Sophocles and is about a young girl named Antigone who struggles with written laws of her city, Thebes. Her uncle is King Creon and sentences her to death because she decided to bury her brother, Polynices, after it was declared that he deserved no burial. Antigones sister, Ismene, was too afraid to go along with her. Antigones fiancà ©, (who is also†¦show more content†¦A Raisin in the Sun was brought into American theater on March 11, 1959 (James, 2006). Roles of Women In the play Antigone, men view women as a threat to their masculinity and do whatever they have to in order to silence them. However, the women find ways to speak out anyway. Gender has profound affects on the meaning of Antigones actions. Creon feels the need to defeat Antigone more so because she is a woman. Antigones rebellion is especially threatening because it upsets gender roles and hierarchy. By refusing to be passive, she overturns one of the fundamental rules of her culture. In the play A Raisin in the Sun, three generations of women are represented. Lena is the default head of household after her husband passes away. She believes, like most women of her time, that men should make the important decisions. Ruth is somewhere in between the two, is usually outspoken, and vocalizes her frustrations, yet aims to please her husband. She is willing to do whatever it takes to better the life her family. Beneatha is a young feminist college student who is not at all tolerant of societys unequal treatment and expectations of women. This play demonstrates the importance of how womens ideas have changed over time through the eyes of three generations. Themes There were several themes in Antigone. Pride, because Antigone was very proud of her family and did whatever she had to do to make things